Heater element for permanent waving of hair



May 10, 1932. BA F. JANCKE HEATER ELEMENT FOR PERMANENT wAvING oF HAIRFiled Nov. l. 1927 Patented May 10, 1932 UNITED sTATss PATENT FFE BENNOF. JANCKE, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSGNOR T0 TOWNSEND MANUFAC- TUBINGCOMPANY, INC., OF NEVJ YORK, N. Y.,

A. GORPOEATON OF NEW YORK HEATER ELEMENT FOR PERMANENT VJAVING 0F HAIRApplication filed November This invention relates to heater elements forpermanent waving of hair, and provides improvements therein.

In the use of electrical apparatus for permanent waving of hair, shortcircuits or grounds sometimes occur which are dangerous to both theoperator and the subject. rEhe hair of the subject is wetted during theprocess, and the operator frequently has wet hands, so that if a circuitis formed between the metallic casing ordinarily used as the housing forheater elements (due to a circuit being formed between the electricalheater or lead wires and the housing) the electrical shock is apt to beunusually severe. ln factthe condition is such that it is becoming moreand more a legal requirement that the metal part-s of hair-wavingapparatus be equipped with ground wires.

The present invention provides a heater' element making use ofelectrical insulating material for the parts of the element ordinarilyformed of metallic parts, and particularly for the tubular inner partaround which the electrical resistance wire is wound, thereby minimizingand avoiding the consequences of grounding or accidental circuits formedbetween the electric heater and other parts of the heating element.

The invention emboies other features of iniprovement as will herein morefully appear.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings.

In said drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view, and

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional. view on the line 2-2, Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a view in side elevation.

Fig. l is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment,

Referring to said drawings, numeral 10 designates a tubular part, whichis of electrical insulating material, preferably of goed heatconductance, and which forms the inner housing surrounding the centralspace X, in which the prepared strand of hair is contained or locatedduring the heating or steaming process. This part 10 is preferably ofquartz glass, fused quartz, fused silicon, syn- 1, 1927. Serial No.230,389.

thetic quartz or the like, which are electrically insulating, relativelygood conductors of heat and are tough physically-that is, not easilyfractured by sudden changes of temperature. A tough glass, such for eX-ample as Pyrex or other chemical glass could also be used, and the termglass is used herein and in the claims as including the substancesusually known as glass, as well as fused quartz and similar substancessuch as indicated. With the part 10 composed of electrical insulatingmaterials such as mentioned above, the hair-waving solution which isused inside of the wrapper which encloses the prepared strand of hair,is quickly vaporized. An explanation of this is the good conductance ofsuch material of both convective and radiant heat. The heat insulatingproperties of electrical insulating materials such as asbestos,magnesia, and ordinary porcelain, is due to the porosity of suchmaterials, most of the heat transmitted passing by radiation fromsurface to surface across the pores, rather than by conduction.

Numeral 12 designates the electrical heater, which is conveniently inthe form of a coil of resistance wire wound around the insulating tube10.

Numeral 14: designates the exterior housing. lhis is preferably formedof electrical insulating material. rhis is preferably made ofisolantite. Glass, quartz glass and the other materials previouslymentioned are examples of other materials which could be used,

A space 17 is conveniently provided between the parts 10 and 14C. Thisis conveniently provided for by turning out or flanging the ends of thetube 10, as indicated at 20. Figs. 1 and 2, the flanges 20 makingcontact with the inner face of the part 1%, and the lower end 22 of saidpart 11i is preferably inwardly turned in or flanged to support saidpart 10. ln Fig'. l the parts 10 and la are formed of one piece, theparts 10 and being tubular parts spaced apart, and "oined at the lowerend, indicated at 23.

i suitable heat insulation means 30 is con- 've .icntly provided at theexterior of the elenent. This is conveniently asbestos or the like woundor molded around the part 14.

The insulation means 30 is preferably, according to the example given,an electrical insulator, whereby no parts of the heater element willconduct electricity in case of contact of the electrical heater withparts thereof. rlhe heat insulation may be increased by providing anair-space 32 between the insulation 30 and the part 14. To this end, thepart 14 is conveniently provided with a series of lengitudinal ribs 34serving to space the insulation means 30 from said part 14.

Around the whole is preferably placed a sheath 40, comprising a tubularpart 42 with a bottom flange 43, and an end piece 44. The part 42 isconveniently composed of insulating composition of suitable kind such asimpregnated fiber, bakelite, formica or the like, and is preferablyprovided with a plurality of slots 4G forming a plurality oflongitudinal strips 48 which latter are bowed outwardly so as to standspaced ont of direct contact with the adjacent inner part or parts, andconstitute a relatively cool means for grasping and holding the heater.Small knobs may be, if desired, placed on the strips 48 for holding saidstrips spaced from the adjacent inner part or parts.

The end piece 44 may be and preferably is provided with an opening 52corresponding to the inside diameter of the tube l0. It is alsopreferably provided with a liange 54 adapted to bear against the end oftube and hold it in position. The diameter of the flange 54 preferablycorresponds to the inside diameter of the tube 14 and assists insupportingr it. The upper end of the part 42 preferably laps the part44, as indicated at 56, and the two parts 42 and 44 are preferablyattached, whereby the sheath acts to hold the parts in assembledposition. Screws 58 passing through the part 42 into the part 44 may beprovided for fastening the said parts together. The end piece 44 ispreferably molded or shaped from iiber or other .suitable electricalinsulating material.

A suitable bracket 60 be and preferably is provided for supporting thelead wires 62, 63 connecting with the heating wire l2. This bracket maybe conveniently formed upon or attached to the said end piece 44.

The inventive ideas may receive various other embodiments thanthoseherein specifically illustrated and described.

l. A heater element for use in permanent waving of hair, of the typehaving an inside electrical resistance heater, adapted to pr duce asteaming temperature around the hair, and a housing comprising inner andouter enclosing walls, said inner enclosing wall being a tubular memberof glass enclosing a space within its inner or smaller circumferencewithin which a strand of hair enclosed in a moisture containing wrapperis placed and around the outer or larger circumference of which theelectrical resistance heater is disposed and arranged to transmit heatthrough said wall to vaporize said moisture, said outer wall comprisingporous heat lagging material.

2. A heater element according to claim l. further including a thin pieceof material arranged around the exterior of the outer wall, spacedtherefrom, and having openings therein, whereby air can circulatebetween the eX- terior of the outer wall and said piece of thinmaterial, the limited amount of heat transmitted through said outerheat-insulating wall to said thin material being readily lost, andthereby permitting the exterior of the heater to be grasped by the nakedhand during use Without discomfort.

3. A heater element for permanent waving, comprising an electricalheater, a housing therefor, having a central space within which aprepared strand of hair is placed to be heated, an outer wall comprisingporous heatinsulating material, and a thin piece of material arrangedaround the exterior of said outer wall, spaced therefrom and havingopenings therein, whereby air can circulate between said outer wall andsaid piece of thin material, the limited amount of heat transmittedthrough said outer heat-insulated wall to said thin material beingreadily lost, and thereby permitting the exterior of the heater to begrasped by the naked hand during use without discomfort.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

BENNO F. JANCKE.

